@Monitoring - ukubeka esweni iiparameter zokusebenza, ukonakala kunye nokusilela kwesixhobo
Iinkqubo ze-IoE
Isiqulatho
1. Intshayelelo. 3
2. Amandla eNkqubo yoLondolozo lwe-6
3. Imizekelo yokusetyenziswa (iinkqubo zexesha lokwenyani- kwi-Intanethi) 8
3.1. Ukubeka iliso kwizixhobo noomatshini (ngakumbi ngaphandle kokulungiswa) 8
3.2. Iimasti / iipali kunye neentambo zombane 8
3.3. Iipali / iimasti ze-eriyali, i eriyali, iibhena, izibhengezo 9
4. @Monitoring Umsebenzi weSixhobo 10
4.1. Unxibelelwano 11
5. Iqonga ledolophu yaseCity (ilifu) 11
6. Ukubonwa kwi-Intanethi kwiimephu 12
7. Ukubonakaliswa kweziphumo kwitheyibhile 13
8. Iitshathi zebar. 14
9. Iitshathi zoVimba. 15
9.1. Itshathi yebar: (ibonisa kuphela idatha esele ikho) 15
9.2. Itshathi eqhubekayo: (yedatha efanayo yegalelo) 15
10. Izixhobo ezahlukeneyo 16
10.1. Ukukhetha izinto ze-elektroniki 16
10.2. KwiMontage 16
10.3. Ihlanganisa 16
11. Ulwazi olusebenzisekayo 16
12. Ukusebenza kweeparameter zesixhobo seMonitoring 17
@Ukubeka ilisoyinkqubo yokudibanisa (yexesha-lokwenyani) elumkisa izixhobo, izithuthi kunye nezinye izinto.
Izicelo ezinokubakho:
imitha yeeparameter ezahlukeneyo zomzimba
ukhuseleko, ukubeka esweni, isilumkiso kwangethuba, iialam
Indawo ye-GPS
Ubhaqo lokufuduka, ukubhukuqa, ukujika, ukungcangcazela
Umlinganiso woxinzelelo (utshintsho kubude)
ikhampasi ye-elektroniki (utshintsho endaweni)
iziphene ngexesha lomsebenzi kunye nokuphumla
umonakalo omncinci
umhlwa
ubusela
Uhlalutyo lwedatha (i-BIM-imodeli yolwazi)
"Ulondolozo lwangaphambili" Ukuqikelela kunye nokufumanisa kwangaphambili komonakalo
ukucima ngokuzenzekelayo / izixhobo zokuthintela
ukuhlanganiswa kwezixhobo, oomatshini
utshintsho lwedijithali
Inkqubo @Monitoring ivumela, ukubeka iliso:
oomatshini, izixhobo, iikhreyithi
iimasti eriyali
iimasti zombane, iipali, iintambo zombane
Ukuma kwebhasi / kwetram
Izibane zesitalato (ezinomsebenzi wolawulo)
yokugcina, amagumbi okugcina iimpahla afuna iimeko ezithile zokugcina
ukugcinwa kunye nokuthuthwa kwemida yexabiso lempahla
zonke iintlobo zezithuthi
iibhilibhodi, iintengiso
@Ukubeka iliso yinxalenye yeSmart City "@City" system kwaye isebenza nazo zonke izicelo zayo.
Imilinganiselo yenziwa rhoqo kwimizuzwana eli-10 ukuya kwimizuzu eli-15 kuxhomekeke kwindlela yonxibelelwano kunye noluhlu olusetyenzisiweyo, uhlaziya idatha kwi @City ilifu.
Inkqubo ye-@Monitoring ivumela ukubeka esweni okuzimeleyo kwendawo ye-GPS yezinto kunye nokubonisa kwiimephu kwi "@City Cloud" I-portal ye-intanethi enikezelwe kwiqabane lomntu ngamnye. Ukufikelela kwisango kungangasese (kuthintelwe abantu abagunyazisiweyo) okanye kuwonkewonke (ngokubanzi kuyafumaneka) kuxhomekeke kwisicelo.
Idatha elandelayo ye-GPS / GNSS iyafumaneka:
indawo ekuyo (ubude, ubude)
ubude ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle
isantya sangoku
ulwalathiso lwentshukumo
inani leesathelayithi ezifunyenweyo (umlinganiso wokuchaneka)
Ukongeza, inkqubo ikuvumela ukuba ulinganise iiparameter zothutho okanye zokugcina iimpahla ngenxa yoluvo oluninzi lweentlobo ezahlukeneyo, o.k.t. ubushushu, ukufuma, isikhukula, ukungcangcazela, ukukhawulezisa, i-gyroscope, uthuli, i-VOC, njl.
Kwizisombululo ezinkulu, kukho ukubanakho kweserver ezinikezelweyo okanye iVPS (i-Virtual Private Server) ye-portal / iwebhusayithi "@City Cloud" kwiqabane elinye kuphela.
Inkqubo @Monitoring sisisombululo se-IoT / CIoT / IIoT esinezixhobo ze-elektroniki ezinikeleyo zento nganye / esweni. Izixhobo zinokwenza imilinganiselo yokuma kweGPS / GNNS kunye nonxibelelwano nge "@City Cloud".
Inkqubo ye- @Ukubeka iliso izixhobo zinokukwenza ngaxeshanye ukulinganisa, ukubeka iliso kunye nemisebenzi yealam ngokusebenzisa ii-sensors okanye izixhobo zokukhetha:
umsi / uthuli / umlinganiso wamasuntswana (@AirQ) -i-PPM sensor yamasuntswana 2.5 / 10um
ubushushu, ukufuma, uxinzelelo, umgangatho womoya ngokubanzi
isaqhwithi / umbane
Ii-axis ezi-3 (X, Y, Z) izivamvo (umz. ukhuselo oluchasene nobusela / lokuthintela, njl. ):
ukukhawulezisa (ukungcangcazela),
amandla kazibuthe (umazibuthe),
inclinometer (ukufuduka),
i-gyroscope (ukujikeleza)
ikhampasi ye-elektroniki
ukusondela (~ 10cm) kunye nomgama omde (~ 4m) uluhlu
ukukhanya (ukubonakaliswa kwimitha yelanga, infrared)
umbala (R, G, B, IR)
ingxolo
ngoku, amandla ombane, (inqanaba lebhetri, i-photovoltaics, ukusetyenziswa kombane, isantya sokutshaja ibhetri)
amandla (umz. chukumisa, okanye udibanise naziphi na izivamvo zokulinganisa ezinamandla)
ukuxhathisa (umz. Izikhukula, ukufuma)
Idatha ithunyelwa kumncedisi we @City Inkqubo-kwilifu elincinci, elinikezelwe kwiqabane (inkampani, isixeko, idolophu okanye ummandla).
Inkqubo ivumela ukubonwa kwexesha lokwenyani, ukubekwa kwe-geo kunye nokubonisa kwimephu, ngokunjalo "imodeli yolwazi" (BIM) kunye nokuzisebenzisa ukwenza iimpendulo ezithile. Kuyenzeka ukuba uthumele ngqo imiyalezo ye-alamu ngenxa yesiphene okanye ukugqitha kwixabiso lomlinganiso weeparameter ezibalulekileyo (umz. utshintsho kwindawo yoomatshini, izixhobo, ukungcangcazela, ukuthambeka, ukubhukuqa, izaqhwithi).
Kwizixhobo ezisasazeke kakhulu kunye nenani ledatha ehanjisiweyo, olona hlobo lonxibelelwano I-GSM + IGPS ukuhambisa. Ngenye indlela, kwiimeko apho idatha ehlaziya rhoqo ingafuneki kwaye kufuneka kugqitywe ngakumbi, unxibelelwano lunokufezekiswa kusetyenziswa LoRaWAN iteknoloji ende. Nangona kunjalo, oku kufuna ukugubungela uluhlu lweLoRaWAN ngeendlela zonxibelelwano. Kwiimeko ezifanelekileyo, kunokwenzeka ukuba unxibelelane ukuya kuthi ga kwi-10-15km.
Izixhobo ezisebenza kwimizi mveliso okanye iinkampani (ukusasazeka okuphantsi), kunokwenzeka ukuba usebenzise okwahlukileyo kwenkqubo esekwe WiFi unxibelelwano ngaphandle kwamacingo. Oku kunciphisa kakhulu iindleko kwaye kwenza lula iziseko zonxibelelwano ngokunxulumene ne-LoRaWAN kunye ne-GSM.
Abalawuli be-@Monitoring banokuxhotyiswa ngeendlela zonxibelelwano zonxibelelwano xa kufuneka ( RS-485 / RS-422, kunye ne-Ethernet Ngokuthumela ulwazi ngendlela efanelekileyo yonxibelelwano kwi @City cloud.
Oku kuvumela ukusebenza kwe-hybrid kunye nayo nayiphi na indibaniselwano yonxibelelwano olunxibelelanayo olufunekayo kwinkqubo okanye ukulungiswa kweendleko.
Ukongeza kokucima / ukuvimba okuzenzekelayo, inkqubo ivelisa ii-alam xa kukho ukungahambi kakuhle, okuvumela ukuba kuthathwe inyathelo kwangoko lokuthintela ukonakala kwezixhobo.
Iimpawu eziphambili ze @Ukubeka iliso Inkqubo:
Ukubakho komsebenzi weselfowuni- kunye nokukhetha ukulandela umkhondo kunye nokuma kwe-geo
Ukubakho kokuma okumileyo - ukhuseleko (izixhobo, oomatshini kunye nazo naziphi na izinto)
Ukubanakho ukulinganisa i-PPM 2.5 / 10um amasuntswana
Imilinganiselo iyonke: umgangatho womoya, uxinzelelo, ubushushu, ukufuma, uxinzelelo lwegesi eyingozi, iindudumo / isaqhwithi
Ukubakho kokufumana umonakalo, ukungahambi kakuhle, ukonakaliswa kunye nokwazisa amaqela ongenelelo (umz. ngeSMS).
Ukukwazi ukulawula ukude okanye ukucima izixhobo.
Ukubakho kwemilinganiselo ukusuka kwi-10 ukuya kwiiyure ezininzi-ngexesha lokwenyani le-24h / ngosuku.
Ukuhanjiswa kweengcingo ze-GSM ezisisiseko: 2G, 3G, LTE, iSMS, iUSS (kuwo nawuphi na umsebenzisi *), I-LTE-M1* (Orenji), QAPHELA** (T-Mobile)-ifuna iSIM khadi okanye i-MIM yomsebenzisi okhethiweyo kunye nemirhumo yobhaliso yokuhanjiswa kwedatha okanye iirhafu zetelemetry, i-M2M okanye iikhontrakthi zexesha elide.
Enye indlelaLoraWAN Ukuhambisa ngaphandle kwamacingo- akukho ntlawulo yongezelelweyo yobhaliso iyafuneka. Ifuna ukubonelela ngesixa esifanelekileyo seendlela zeLoRaWAN (ezixhumeke kwi-intanethi) ukugubungela indawo. Uluhlu lweLoRaWAN lukhulu kakhulu kunolo lwetekhnoloji ye-GSM, ejikeleze i-10-15km yeekhilomitha kwindawo encinci yedolophu. I-LoRaWAN kwimigama emide, nangona kunjalo, ihamba kancinci kuneetekhnoloji ze-GSM kwaye ayilungelanga nasiphi na isicelo.
Ukuhanjiswa okukhethiweyo kwizibonelelo zeshishini, kugcino ( I-WiFi, i-RS-485/422, CAN, RF, i-Ethernet )
Imilinganiselo yendawo ye-GPS ye-real-time (latitude, longitude, altitude, speed, direction)
Ukuzikhethela ngokwakho kwiimephu ezineziphumo zomlinganiso wangoku
Ukuzikhusela kunye nokubeka iliso kwizixhobo zokulinganisa (ngokuchasene nobusela kunye nokonakalisa-ialam)
*, ** - kuxhomekeke kubukho benkonzo yomsebenzisi kule ndawo ikhoyo (egubungela yonke indawo). Nangona kunjalo, izixhobo zinokusebenza kwimowudi ye-hybrid (uninzi lonxibelelwano olwahlukileyo kwinkqubo enye).
iimeko ezifanelekileyo zokusebenza (ubushushu, uxinzelelo, ukufuma, ingxolo)
Imilinganiselo ye-3-axis (X, Y, Z) kunye nokubeka esweni ukukhawulezisa, ukujikeleza, ukufuduka, ukothuka, ukungcangcazela, ukungcangcazela, ukuthambeka, ukuwa simahla
ukucima isixhobo kude xa iiparameter ezivunyelweyo zigqithile ukuze kuthintelwe intshabalalo epheleleyo okanye ukusilela okukhulu.
imilinganiselo yokusetyenziswa kombane kunye nokutshaja ibhetri
ukukhuselwa kwezixhobo zombane ngokuchasene nokuvula okungagunyaziswanga (isivusi esikrelekrele kunye "immobilizer" )
Iqhosha Likaxakeka (Uloyiko)
ukungcangcazela, imilinganiselo yokukhawulezisa (3 axis accelerometer)
umlinganiso wotshintsho oluphambukayo (i-axis inclinometer)
Umlinganiso wetorsion (3 axis gyroscope)
Imilinganiselo yokubola (inzwa yokumelana)
ukufunyanwa kwendlela / ukuzama ukunyuka kwipali (proxymeter)
Ukuma kwakho kwiimephu (GPS / GNSS)
umlinganiso wobushushu, uxinzelelo (ukuphakama), ukufuma, ingxolo, imvula, izaqhwithi, umsi, ungcoliseko lomoya njl.
umlinganiso wamandla ombane wemagnethi (ngokulinganayo ngoku okugeleza kwentambo kunye nokuphambana kocingo)
ukuvuna amandla (i-photovoltaics kunye / okanye umazibuthe weentambo zombane ophezulu)
ukulinganiswa kwemisinga kwikhebula ngabaguquli
ukufumanisa ukusilela kwamandla
ukungcangcazela, imilinganiselo yokukhawulezisa (3 axis accelerometer)
umlinganiso wotshintsho oluphambukayo (i-axis inclinometer)
Itorsion / imilinganiselo yokujikeleza (3 axis gyro)
ukubeka (indawo / ulwalathiso) i-engile yokuthambekela / ukuphakama kwee-eriyali (i-compass ye-elektroniki eyi-3)
Imilinganiselo yokubola (inzwa yokumelana)
ukufunyanwa kwendlela / ukuzama ukunyuka kwipali (proxymeter) ukuya kuthi ga kwi-4m
Ukuma kwakho kwiimephu (GPS / GNSS)
umlinganiso wobushushu, uxinzelelo (ukuphakama), ukufuma, ingxolo, imvula, izaqhwithi, umsi, ungcoliseko lomoya njl.
ukuvuna amandla (ukufumana umbane kwilanga kunye / okanye kumhlaba we-eriyali)
ukukhusela izixhobo zeBTS
Isixhobo sisebenza iiyure ezingama-24 ngosuku, umlinganiso omncinci kunye nexesha lokudluliswa kwedatha malunga nemizuzwana eli-10. Eli xesha lixhomekeke kubude obupheleleyo bayo yonke imilinganiselo, kubandakanya ixesha lokuhambisa. Ixesha lokuhambisa lixhomekeke kwindlela yokuhambisa esetyenzisiweyo kunye nenqanaba lomqondiso kunye nenqanaba lokudlulisela kwindawo enikiweyo.
Isixhobo sinokulinganisa amasuntswana aqinileyo (2.5 / 10um), uxinzelelo, ubushushu, ukufuma, umgangatho womoya ngokubanzi-inqanaba legesi eliyingozi (ukhetho B). Oku kukuvumela ukuba ubone ukungafani kwemozulu (utshintsho olukhawulezileyo kumaqondo obushushu, uxinzelelo, ukufuma), imililo kunye nezinye iinzame zokuphazamisa isixhobo (ukubanda, izikhukula, ubusela, njl. ). Ikwavumela imilinganiselo yothutho okanye iiparameter zempahla ngokuhlalutya idatha ukusuka ekukhawuleziseni, kwimagnethi, kwiigyroscopes nakwezinye izivamvo.
Ngokuhambisa rhoqo ukusuka kwifowuni ukuya kwilifu (qho kwimizuzwana eliqela), kukwakukhusela i-alam kwisixhobo kwimeko:
ukuzama ukudiliza
ukutshatyalaliswa
ukonakalisa
utshintsho lwendawo
njl
Oku kuvumela ungenelelo olukhawulezileyo ngamapolisa okanye ngabasebenzi xa kufunyenwe nayiphi na ingxaki.
Isixhobo (kwinqanaba lokuvelisa) sinokuxhotyiswa ngezixhobo ezongezelelweyo ze:
ukulawula ukukhanya kwezibane ze-LED, ukutshintshela / ukucima izixhobo zombane.
Infrared kunxibelelwano lomgama omfutshane (ukuthumela / ukufumana)
iimvavanyo zokulinganisa: ngoku, ivolthi, amandla, ukumelana, umbala, inqanaba lokukhanyisa (ALS)
iinzwa ezikufutshane- iproxymeter (uluhlu olumalunga ne-10cm), kunye naphakathi phakathi (uluhlu olumalunga ne-4m)
Izinzwa ze-axis ezi-3 (X, Y, Z - zonke iindlela): ukukhawulezisa / ukungcangcazela (i-accelerometer), i-magnetometer (umazibuthe), i-gyroscope (ukufunyanwa kwe-engile yokujikeleza), inclinometer (inzwa yokufuduka)
Isiphepho / isivamvo sombane (ngomgama ukuya kuthi ga kwi-40km)
Unxibelelwano lweBluetooth (unxibelelwano umz. ngeselula), i-NFC (RFID umz. kugunyaziso lwabantu) ngamakhadi okusondela okanye ngomnxeba.
Ukuhanjiswa kwedatha yokulinganisa kwenziwa ngendlela yonxibelelwano enye *:
I-GSM (2G..4G, USSD, iSMS, i-LTE-M1, i-NB-IoT) -Ifuna umrhumo wobhaliso lomqhubi we-GSM kunye nokugubungela ngokupheleleyo inkonzo ekhethiweyo. Uluhlu oluphezulu ziikhilomitha ezimbalwa ukusuka kwi-GSM BTS kwindawo evulekileyo.
LoRaWAN (868MHz / EU, 902..915MHz / abanye) -unxibelelwano olude lwerediyo kwibhanti yoluntu (ngaphandle kokubeka i-GPS). Ngenxa yobume obuvulekileyo nobusimahla bebhendi yamaza, kukho umngcipheko wokuphazamiseka kunye nokuxinana kwesixhobo kwezinye izixhobo. @CityLoRaWAN Ifuna ukufakelwa ubuncinci be-LoRaWAN + isango le-Intanethi-ukuqinisekisa ukufakwa kwendawo yonke (umz. kwiitshimini ezinde okanye kwiimasti ze-GSM okanye kwi-eriyali zangaphandle kwizakhiwo ezide). Uluhlu oluphezulu ukuya kuthi ga kwi-10-15km kwiindawo ezisezidolophini ezisezantsi.
Ukukhusela oomatshini kunye nezixhobo ezimiyo, kunokwenzeka ukusebenzisa WiFi abalawuli (ngaphandle kokujonga indawo ye-GPS).
Kwizibonelelo ezimileyo, kunokwenzeka ukuba usebenzise izixhobo ezinentambo ezikhoyo kwifayile ye- Inkqubo (RS-422/485, CAN, Ethernet)
* -Ukuxhomekeka kukhetho lokukhetha lomqhubi we-@Monitoring kunye nokukhethwa kwemodem
Inkqubo ye- @City iqonga, umva / isiphelo sangaphambili kuxoxwa ngaso ngakumbi kwi "eCity" uxwebhu.
Izikhundla ze-GPS geo-position zinokuboniswa kwiimephu kunye namaxabiso omlinganiso woluvo kunye nezinye iiparameter, o.k.t. ixesha lokulinganisa (ulwenziwo). Bahlala behlaziyeka.
Unokujonga idatha yangoku yazo zonke izixhobo okanye idatha yezembali yesixhobo esinye.
Iziphumo zinokuboniswa kwiitafile ezenziwe ngokwezifiso (ukukhangela, ukuhlela, ukunciphisa iziphumo). Iitafile zikwanemizobo eyenzelwe wena (Umxholo). Kuyenzeka ukuba ubonise itafile enedatha yangoku yazo zonke i-City / @ izixhobo zokubeka iliso okanye iitafile zokugcina kwindawo enye. Kwimeko yenkqubo kaMonitoring, oku kuvumela, umzekelo, ukukhangela eminye imilinganiselo, ukumisela izixhobo ezingasebenziyo / ezonakalisiweyo, njl.
Iigrafu zebar zibonisiwe "ziqhelekile" imivalo kwelona xabiso liphezulu, ukusuka kweliphezulu ukuya kwelona liphantsi.
Ziluncedo ekujongeni ngokukhawuleza iziphumo ezigqithileyo kunye nokuthatha inyathelo kwangoko.
Ukuhambisa imouse ngaphezulu kwebar, kubonisa ulwazi olongezelelweyo malunga nesixhobo (eminye imilinganiselo kunye nedatha yendawo)
Kuyenzeka ukuba ubonise iitshathi zembali zexesha elinikiweyo leparameter ekhethiweyo (umz. Izinto eziqinileyo ze-PM2.5, iqondo lobushushu, ukufuma, njl. ) Nasiphi na isixhobo.
Ukuhambisa isikhombisi semouse kubonisa amaxabiso emilinganiselo eneenkcukacha kunye nomhla / ixesha.
Izixhobo zinokubakho kwizinto ezahlukeneyo zekhompyuter ngokubhekisele kukhetho lwezixhobo kunye neendawo zokuhlala (ezinika indibaniselwano ezininzi). Ukulinganisa umgangatho womoya @Ndiyabonga, isixhobo kufuneka sinxibelelane nomoya ohambayo "ngaphandle" , ebeka iimfuno ezithile kuyilo lwezindlu.
Ke ngoko, iindawo ezivaliweyo zinoku-odolwa ngokukodwa kuxhomekeke kwiimfuno.
Ukusetyenziswa kwenzwa yesuntswana 2.5 / 10um
Ukusetyenziswa kwenzwa yokusingqongileyo (ubushushu, ukufuma, uxinzelelo, umgangatho womoya)
Ukusetyenziswa kwezinto zokulawula ukukhanya
Ukusetyenziswa kwayo nayiphi indibaniselwano yoluvo lwesicelo esikhethiweyo (kwinqanaba lokuvelisa lonke uthotho)
Ukwahluka kwamandla ngokwahlukeneyo (230V, 230V + UPS, ibhetri, ukuvuna amandla -i-photovoltaics, intsimi yemagneti, njl. )
Izixhobo zokubhala noomatshini
izixhobo eziphathwayo (iimoto, iinqanawa, iilori)
amatyala esinyithi azinikezelweyo / iindawo ezivalekileyo ezihambayo - umbala okhethiweyo, uyilo lwegraphic, ushicilelo / izitikha, indlela yokuncamathisela
izindlu zeplastiki eziguqulweyo
izibiyeli zeplastiki ezinikezelweyo
ityala lixhomekeke kubukhulu bebhetri
Inzwa yongcoliseko lomoya esetyenzisiweyo inokonakaliswa ukuba uthuli, itha iphezulu kakhulu, kwaye kule meko ayifakwanga kwiwaranti yenkqubo. Ingathengwa ngokwahlukeneyo njengenxalenye esecaleni.
Iwaranti ayibandakanyi umonakalo owenziwe ngoomatshini obangelwe ngqo ngumbane, izinto zokonakaliswa kwempahla, ukonakaliswa kwesixhobo (ukukhukula, ukubanda, ukutshaya, ukonakala komatshini, njl. ).
Ezinye iisenzi zomlinganiso (ii-MEMs) nazo zinamaxabiso abalulekileyo agqithisileyo aya kubangela umonakalo kwisixhobo / kwisenzi kwaye ikhutshelwe ngaphandle kwiwaranti.
Ixesha lokusebenza elivela kwibhetri yangaphandle lixhomekeke kumandla esiginali e-GSM, ubushushu, ubungakanani bebhetri, amaza kunye nenani lemilinganiselo kunye nedatha ethunyelweyo.
Iiparamitha zombane nezokusebenza zibhalwe apha "IoT-CIoT-devs-en" ifayile.