IoT i Amadivayisi we-CIoT - Izixazululo ze-Smart

LoRaWAN & GSM - Smart City





iSys - Izinhlelo Ezihlakaniphile







IDRAMA

Okuqukethwe

1. Isingeniso. 3

1.1 @City ( IoT/CIoT ) Communication 4

1.2. Izinsiza ze-Hardware ze-IoT / CIoT Amadivayisi 4

0..4 okokufaka okuhlelwa kanambambili 4

0..4 imiphumela kanambambili ehlelwe 4

0..4 ukubala okokufaka (izinto zokubala ezingekho emthethweni) 4

Imiphumela engu-0..4 iyancipha (PWM noma 0..10V) 5

Okokufaka kwe-infrared + okukhiphayo 5

Okokufaka okungu-0..4 (ADC) 5

ukuxhumana kwe-serial SPI / I2C / UART / CAN 5

1.3. @City GSM Devices 6

1.4. @City LoRaWAN Devices 9

I- module ngaphandle LoRaWAN modem futhi processor may act as MEMs Sensor Module for @City GSM, I-WiFi, I-Ethernet, futhi other eHouse architectures ( 3v3..3v6 DC powered ) 10

2. General conditions of usage @City ( LoRaWAN, GSM ) Systems 11

2.1. Exclusive Conditions of @City GSM. 11

2.2. Exclusive conditions for @City LoRaWAN. 12

3. @City ( LoRaWAN, GSM ) Controller Configuration 13

3.1. @City Controller Configuration - Assigning names 13

3.2. General configuration of @City LoRaWAN & GSM Controllers 14

3.2.1 General configuration of @City GSM device 14

3.2.2. General Configuration of @City LoRaWAN controllers 17

3.3. Ukucushwa Kokufaka Kwambambili 18

3.4. Ukucushwa Kwemiphumela Binary 19

3.5. Ukucushwa Kokufaka Kokulinganisa kwe-ADC nezinzwa ezengeziwe (XIN) 21

3.6. Ukucushwa kwe-Dimmers PWM / 0..10V 22

3.7. Ukucushwa kwesihleli sekhalenda 24

4. LoRaWAN Network Infrastructure Configuration 26

4.1. LoRaWAN Gateway Configuration. 26

4.1.1. Basic configuration of LoRaWAN gateway 26

4.1.2. Ukulungiswa kweSemtech Packet Forwarder (SPF) 27

4.2. LoRaWAN Network/Application Server Configuration 28

4.2.1. LoRaWAN Network Server Configuration 29

5. Work condition of @City GSM / LoRaWAN devices 31


1. Isingeniso.

I- @City uhlelo isekela amadivayisi amaningi we-elekthronikhi (abalawuli) - abizwa njenge-node, mote, device. Izinhlobo eziningi zokuxhumana (ezintambo nezintambo) ziyatholakala ngokuya ngengqalasizinda etholakalayo, izidingo nezimo.

Device types available in the @City uhlelo:

Onke amadivayisi ahlanganisiwe nge @City cloud futhi kungenzeka ukubambisana kwe-hybrid kuye ngokutholakala kwengqalasizinda yokuxhumana enikeziwe.

Okwezakhiwo nokutholakala kwe-LAN noma i-WiFi exhunywe kwi-Inthanethi singasebenzisa izixazululo ze-via nge-eHouse.PRO iseva (engathumela / yamukele idatha ku @City ifu):

Idokhumenti elandelayo iyachaza GSM futhi LoRaWAN amadivayisi asuselwa ku-single-chip microcontroller (microprocessor) kanye nemodemu yokuxhumana yangaphandle. Lokhu kuvumela ukuthi uhlelo lube sezingeni naphezu komehluko wemodemu yokuxhumana.

Ukuthola ezinye izinhlobo zokuxhumana sicela ubheke ku- eHouse imibhalo.



Lokhu kunika amandla ukusebenza okufanayo nemishini ukutholakala, kanye nokufuduka okulula kokunye okuhlukile kokuxhumana noma izinhlobo.

1.1 @City ( IoT/CIoT ) Communication

I- @City uhlelo currently uses one of the kukhethiwe communication modules ( modems ):

1.2. Izinsiza ze-Hardware zamadivayisi we-IoT / CIoT

Konke "ubuhlakani" Ohlelo luhlala ku-microcontroller (microprocessor) futhi aluncikile kakhulu ohlotsheni lokuxhumana. Izinsizakusebenza ze-Hardware zamadivayisi we-IoT / CIoT (microprocessor) zimi kanje:

1.3. @City GSM Devices

@City GSM devices connect through the cellular network of the GSM mobile operator through one or more technologies futhi services. Lezi zinsizakalo zikhokhiswa futhi zincike kubasebenza nakumasevisi ngawodwana. Le sevisi igunyazwe ngendlela efanayo nakumafoni omakhalekhukhwini ngokusebenzisa ama-SIM khadi asebenzayo:

I- availability of kukhethiwe services depends on the communication operator futhi the built-in GSM modem at the production stage:

1) 2G (bonke opharetha)

2) 2G / LTE CATM1 (Okuwolintshi) - kukhona ukubuyela emuva okungu-2G uma i-CATM1 ingatholakali.

3) 2G / NBIoT (T-Mobile / Deutsche Telecom) - kukhona ukubuyela emuva okungaba khona kwe-2G lapho i-NBIoT ingatholakali futhi opharetha eyivumela.

4) 2G / 3G (bonke opharetha)

5) 4G / LTE (bonke opharetha)

6) Okunye ukuhlanganiswa kwezinsizakalo nakho kungatholakala ngokuya ngemodemu etholakalayo nezilungiselelo.

Izixazululo ezi-3 zokuqala zisebenza kwimodemu efanayo (i-NBIoT / CATM1 + ebuyela emuva 2G). Endabeni yokusebenzisa "upulasitiki" Ama-Nano SIM khadi kungenzeka ukuthi angene esikhundleni sekhadi futhi alungiselele kude idivayisi ukuthi isebenze kahle kwenye insizakalo. Endabeni ye-MIM (ama-SIM ngesimo se-chip (IC)), isinqumo sithathwa esigabeni sokukhiqizwa kwedivayisi, futhi akunakwenzeka ukuguqula opharetha noma insizakalo. I-NBIoT inikezelwe kunani elincane kakhulu ledatha edlulisiwe ~ 512kB ngenyanga (sicela uxoxisane ngaleli nani ku-opharetha), okuyisithiyo esikhulu kwezinye izixazululo ze-CIoT / IoT.

Izixazululo 4, 5 zidinga ukufakwa kwamanye amamodemu esigabeni sokukhiqiza.

Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwedivayisi kuncike kusevisi futhi kukhonjiswa kusuka kokuphansi kuya phezulu:

- I-NBIoT

- CATM1

- LTE

- 3G

- 2G / SMS / USSD / GPRS / EDGE

Izinga lokudluliswa kwedatha kusuka kweliphansi liya kweliphezulu:

- I-NBIoT

- CATM1

- 2G / SMS / USSD / GPRS / EDGE

- 3G

- LTE



All @City GSM devices can be equipped with a GPS receiver for geolocation futhi automatic positioning on maps. Bangasebenza futhi ngeselula lapho kunesidingo sezilinganiso noma basebenze ngokunyakaza.




1.4. @City LoRaWAN Devices

LoRaWAN is a long ububanzi communication solution ( up to approx. 15km) esebenza emaqenjini we-ISM avulekile (isb. 433MHz, 868MHz, njll. ). Kodwa-ke, amabanga amakhulu kakhulu adinga ukwehliswa okukhulu kwejubane lokuhambisa nobude bamaphakethe wedatha (isb. ebangeni eliphakeme kakhulu kuze kufike kuma-bits angama-250 ngomzuzwana kanye nama-byte angama-51 wedatha - ukulayishwa kokukhokha). Transmission with repetitions futhi confirmations can take a very long time, which may eliminate LoRaWAN in some solutions. I- number of LoRaWAN gateways is also important to ensure a good ububanzi of devices, which allows you to work at higher speeds, fewer errors futhi less repetitions amount.

LoRaWAN devices communicate with the @City cloud via LoRaWAN Gateways, which have to provide coverage at the required level for all available LoRaWAN devices. In addition, these gateways must be connected to the LAN or the Internet via any link to be able to send data to the LoRaWAN network/application server ( NS/NJENGOBA ).

I- web server is used for two-way communication with LoRaWAN gateways futhi for sending information to/ from LoRaWAN devices.

Iseva yenethiwekhi / yohlelo lokusebenza ingatholakala ku-LAN yendawo noma esikhungweni sedatha somhlinzeki wesevisi. Imininingwane evela kumadivayisi ithunyelwa isuka kunethiwekhi / iseva yohlelo lokusebenza ngezivumelwano zokuhlanganisa iye ku- @City cloud (nge-webhook). Lokhu kuvumela ukuhlanganiswa okuqondile kwe- @City LoRaWAN uhlelo nge @City databases.



Iseva yohlelo lokusebenza ingangeza ngokwengeziwe i-logic enwetshiwe ne-BIM (imodeli yolwazi) yohlelo, icubungule idatha ekwamukelweni, futhi ithumele imiyalo yokulawula (imicimbi) kumadivayisi ngamanye ukuphendula.

@City LoRaWAN devices contains additional features as:


I- module ngaphandle LoRaWAN modem futhi processor may act as MEMs Sensor Module for @City GSM, I-WiFi, I-Ethernet, futhi other eHouse architectures ( 3v3..3v6 DC powered )

2. General conditions of usage @City ( LoRaWAN, GSM ) Systems

QAPHELA! Ukusetha okungalungile kwamapharamitha wesixhumi esibonakalayo sokuxhumana kungadala ukubhujiswa noma ukuvinjelwa unomphela kwedivayisi (lapho singenakho ukufinyelela ngokomzimba).

Noma isiphi isibuyekezo sesilawuli se- i-firmware futhi ukumiswa kokugcina kufanele yenziwe futhi ihlolwe (kuwo wonke amadivayisi futhi okungenani iviki kumadivayisi amaningi) ngaphambi kokuyifaka endaweni okuyiwa kuyo.

Umenzi akanasibopho sokulungiswa okungafanele / ukuvuselelwa kwesoftware okwenziwa ngabantu abangagunyaziwe, kanye nokwenziwa kwabo ezindaweni zokufakwa kwabalawuli ngabodwana.

Zonke izindleko zokususwa, izinsizakalo, ukukhanda, ukufaka esikhundleni, ukufaka kabusha kuthwalwa ngumsebenzisi wohlelo (hhayi uMenzi).

Ukuze uvuselele i-firmware nokulungiswa kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ileveli eyanele yesiginali kanye nokutholakala kwezinsizakalo ezidingekayo. Imisebenzi engenhla ingahle ingenzeki ezindaweni zokugcina zokufakwa kwabalawuli nasezindaweni zabo ezivalekile. Kungenzeka futhi bathembele ekusakazeni kwesizini, isimo sezulu, kanye nomsakazo.

Zonke izindleko zezinsizakalo ezihlobene nokushintshwa kokucushwa / kwe-firmware zithwalwa ngumsebenzisi (imali eyengeziwe yokudluliswa kwedatha, ukukhishwa okungenzeka, ukufakwa kwamadivayisi, ukuvula, ukufaka esikhundleni, njll. ).

Ububanzi obukhulu bungenxa yezinkolelo-mbono, bulinganiswa ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle zokusakazwa komsakazo futhi kubhekiswa ekusebenzeni kwamadivayisi (anezimpawu zangaphandle nezimataniswayo) emkhakheni wokubuka (ngaphandle kokuvinjelwa emugqeni wesiginali wesiginali). Ngokuya ngokuhlala kwamadolobha endaweni, izihlahla, isimo sezulu, indawo kanye nendlela yokufaka, ibanga lingase libe libi kakhulu ngamakhulu amaningana kunedatha engenhla.

2.1. Exclusive Conditions of @City GSM.

I- user bears the costs futhi is responsible for timely payment of the GSM operator subscription futhi @City server hosting. Ukuntuleka kokuqhubeka kwensizakalo kungadala ushintsho olungalungiseki lwamapharamitha wokudlulisa abucayi nokuvimba lonke uhlelo (isb. ukuguqulwa kwekheli le-static IP, ukulahleka kwesizinda se-inthanethi, ukulahleka kwedatha / ukumiswa kwiseva, ukulahleka kwesoftware, izipele, njll. ).

In the umcimbi that the user pays the above-mentioned amounts as a flat rate to the producer of the @City uhlelo, the Producer is not responsible for the conditions changes of the offer or termination of services performed by external entities.

I- uhlelo manufacturer is not responsible for the quality of services provided by third parties, including the GSM operator, external @City hosting. Umenzi akanacala ngokuwohloka kobubanzi bokusakazwa kwamagagasi omsakazo (isb. due to the creation of new buildings, changes in the location of GSM broadcasting stations ( BTS ), trees, etc. ).

Endabeni yemikhawulo yokudluliswa kwedatha (ikakhulukazi ye-NBIoT), ukumiswa kwesoftware nokuvuselelwa kufanele kwenziwe ekuqaleni kwesikhathi sokubhalisa, ngokusetshenziswa kwedatha okuphansi kakhulu. Ngaphandle kwalokho, kungenzeka ukuthi uvimbele idivayisi kuze kuphele isikhathi sokukhokha, ngenxa yokuvinjelwa okuhlobene nokudlula umkhawulo wokudlulisa.

I- GSM operator is responsible for the quality of the GSM connection, not the @City uhlelo manufacturer.

Umsebenzisi uthi wamukela imininingwane elandelayo futhi uyavumelana nayo.

2.2. Exclusive conditions for @City LoRaWAN.

I- user bears the costs futhi is responsible for the timely payment of lease futhi installation fees for the LoRaWAN gateway, LoRaWAN Network/Application Server futhi @City server hosting. Ukuntuleka kokuqhubeka kwensizakalo kungadala ushintsho olungalungiseki lwamapharamitha wokudlulisa abucayi nokuvinjwa kohlelo unomphela (isb. ukuguqulwa kwekheli le-static IP, ukulahleka kwesizinda, ukulahleka kwedatha / ukumiswa kuseva, ukulahleka kwesoftware, izipele, njll. ).

In the umcimbi that the user lays down the above obligations on a flat-rate basis to the @City producer, the producer is not responsible for changing the conditions or terminating the services provided by external entities.

I- uhlelo manufacturer is not responsible for services provided by external entities, including any LoRaWAN operator, hosting for the LoRaWAN network/application server, external @City server hosting. Umenzi akanacala ngokuwohloka kobubanzi bokusakazwa kwamagagasi omsakazo (isb. due to the creation of new buildings, changes in the location of LoRaWAN gateways, damage to LoRaWAN gateways, power outages, trees, interference, signal losses, etc. ).

Endabeni yemikhawulo yokudluliswa kwedatha, ukumiswa kwesoftware nokuvuselelwa kufanele kwenziwe ekuqaleni kwesikhathi sokubhalisa, ngokusetshenziswa kwedatha okuncane kakhulu kwamanje. Ngaphandle kwalokho, kungenzeka ukuthi uvimbele idivayisi kuze kuphele isikhathi sokukhokha ngenxa yokuvinjelwa okuhlobene nokudlula umkhawulo wokudlulisa. Ukuvuselelwa kufanele kwenziwe isilawuli esisodwa kusukela ekuqaleni kuze kube sekugcineni futhi kuhlolwe ukunemba komsebenzi. Ukwenza isibuyekezo sabo bonke abalawuli kungadala ukuthi ibhendi yomsakazo ivinjwe ngokuphelele izinsuku eziningi.

LoRaWAN uses publicly available "amabhendi omsakazo avulekile" (433 noma i-868 MHz ye-EU), engaphazamiseka noma ingene kwamanye amadivayisi asebenza kumafrikhwensi afanayo. Umenzi akanasibopho sekhwalithi yokuxhumana kuleli cala elingenhla.

I- user is responsible for covering the area with the appropriate number of LoRaWAN gates futhi their location to obtain the appropriate level of signals for all devices futhi the entire @City LoRaWAN uhlelo.

@City GSM devices can be used in places highly exposed to signal interference.

Umsebenzisi uthi wamukela imininingwane elandelayo futhi uyavumelana nayo.

3. @City ( LoRaWAN, GSM ) Controller Configuration

Ukucushwa kwesistimu kwenziwa nge-interface yewebhu. Configuration is very critical for @City controllers futhi incorrect settings may cause the uhlelo to completely block. It is recommended that the full template configuration ( default settings ) be carried out futhi tested by the @City uhlelo manufacturer.

3.1. @City Controller Configuration - Assigning names


Ikheli lesilawuli 000000000000000 ( 15 zeros for I-GSM/16 for LoRaWAN ) ikheli elizenzakalelayo elisebenza ku- bonke abalawuli emndenini (i.e. ngokufanayo Ikhodi Yomthengisi futhi Ikhodi yefayela, kanye nohlobo olufanayo lwesilawuli seLoRaWAN / GSM. Uma isilawuli singenakho ukucushwa kwaso okukodwa kuchaziwe, ukumiswa okuzenzakalelayo kulayishwa kuso.

In the case of GSM controllers, this address corresponds to the unique IMEI number ( 15 characters ) assigned by the manufacturer of the GSM modem.

In the case of LoRaWAN controllers, this address corresponds to the unique "I-Dev EUI" number given by the manufacturer of the LoRaWAN modem ( 16 characters in hexadecimal code ).

Ikhodi Yomthengisi - Ipharamitha eyingqayizivele yekhasimende (umsebenzisi)

Ikhodi yefayela - ipharamitha ekhombisa uhlobo lwe-firmware (kuya ngemishini nama-algorithms atholakalayo)

Ezimweni eziningi, kwanele ukumisa le divayisi eyodwa (okuzenzakalelayo) yohlelo lonke noma njengesifanekiso sabanye abashayeli. Lapho kwakhiwa ukucushwa kwesilawuli esisha, lezi zilungiselelo zikopishwa kusuka kuthempulethi.

Both i-firmware futhi configurations for all installations ( instances ) are located on the servers of the @City uhlelo manufacturer available via the WWW, to which the user may have limited access. Kodwa-ke, ukumiswa okulungile kubaluleke kakhulu, futhi akunconywa ukwenza izinguquko ngaphandle kokuhlolwa kumadivayisi amaningana anokufinyelela okugcwele ngokomzimba (edeskini). For more information, please check the general conditions of the @City uhlelo futhi the specific conditions for a particular way of communication.

3.2. General configuration of @City LoRaWAN & GSM Controllers

3.2.1 General configuration of @City GSM device

Before starting the configuration, please read the general conditions of the @City uhlelo futhi uhlelo-specific conditions for @City GSM.




Ikhodi Yomthengisi - iqukethe izinhlamvu eziyi-8 ezigcinwe kukhodi ye-hexadecimal ezinikezelwe kumakhasimende oyedwa (umsebenzisi). Inikezwe esigabeni sokukhiqiza isilawuli. Umzamo wokushintsha ungadala ukulimala unomphela kwesilawuli.

Ikhodi yefayela - iqukethe izinhlamvu eziyi-8 ezigcinwe kukhodi ye-hexadecimal, ezinikezelwe kunguqulo eyodwa ye-firmware. It is granted at the controller production stage futhi may depend on the type of communication ( GSM / LoRaWAN ) futhi additional equipment, e.g. izinzwa, inani lokufakwayo / okuphumayo kanye nama-algorithms ngamanye. Ushintsho lungadala ukulimala okungapheli noma ukuvinjelwa kwesilawuli.

Iphinikhodi - Inombolo yephini enamadijithi amane uma isethelwe iSIM khadi. Ukusetha ama-PIN akunconyiwe. Kuma-SIM khadi epulasitiki, ungawasusa kwiselula yakho. Ukwethulwa kwe-SIM engalungile kungadala ukuvinjelwa unomphela kwekhadi kudivayisi (lapho ekugcineni singeke sikwazi ukufinyelela khona).

Inombolo ye-SMS - Inombolo ye-SMS lapho uthumela isimo nge-SMS. Le nketho iyatholakala ngokuya ngesevisi ne-opharetha (2G / CATM1 / NBIoT). Kudinga nokuvula ifulegi: I-SMS Nika amandla.

I-USSD Str - Umyalo we-USSD wokuthumela izimo nge-USSD. This option is available only for kukhethiwe types of GSM modems ( 2G/3G + GPS ). Inketho: Nika amandla i-USSD iyadingeka. Isisebenzisi kufanele sinikeze futhi sisebenzise isevisi ye-USSD.

I-APN - Igama Lokungena. Igama lendawo yokungena kwi-inthanethi, isb. inthanethi (ngezinsizakalo ezikhethekile ezifana ne-LTE-M1 noma i-NB-IoT, ingabelwa ngamunye yi-opharetha).

Ikheli le-WWW - ikheli lewebhu (isizinda noma i-IP) lokufinyelela kwe-HTTP.

Ikhasi le-WWW - ikheli lekhasi lewebhu, lapho kuthunyelwa khona izimo nemiyalo yabalawuli.

Nika amandla i-HTTP - Inika amandla ukudluliswa kwedatha ye-HTTP. Le ndlela yakha ukudluliswa kwedatha okuphindwe kaningi kunezinye zonke izindlela zokuxhumana, okungaholela ezindlekweni ezengeziwe, ezeqe umkhawulo wokudlulisa noma ukungakwazi ukusebenzisa ezinye izinsizakalo, njenge-NBIoT.

Ikheli le-TCP / UDP - IP address of the @City server for receiving futhi transmitting data between the cloud futhi devices. Kunconywa ukusebenzisa ikheli le-IP elinqunyelwe, hhayi ikheli lesizinda se-inthanethi.

TCP Imbobo - Imbobo ye-TCP / IP yokuxhumana

TCP Nika amandla - Ikuvumela ukunika amandla ukudluliswa kwe-TCP / IP. Amafreyimu wokudlulisa kanye nokuqinisekiswa kwe-TCP kwandisa inani ledatha maqondana nokuthunyelwa kwe-UDP, kepha-ke, baqinisekisa ukunemba kwedatha, ukuqinisekiswa nokuqinisekisa ukulethwa kwabo, uma ukuxhumana kutholakala.

Imbobo ye-UDP - Imbobo yokuthola isimo nge-UDP

I-UDP Nika amandla - Vula ukudluliswa kwe-UDP

Ikheli le-Aux, i-Aux Port, i-Aux Vumela - Izicelo esizayo

Ikheli le-Aux2, i-Aux2 Port, i-Aux2 Inikwe amandla - Izicelo esizayo

Ukwenza kusebenze ukwesekwa kwenzwa ( they must be physically mounted on the @City module ). Ngaphandle kwalokho, idivayisi ingasebenza kancane kakhulu futhi ingazinzile kangako. Izinzwa zifakiwe esigabeni sokukhiqiza kulo lonke uchungechunge lokukhiqiza.

Temp, presure, umswakama, igesi - izinga lokushisa elihlanganisiwe, ingcindezi, umswakama nenzwa yekhwalithi yomoya

I-Temp + Presure - Inzwa yokushisa nengcindezi ehlanganisiwe

I-Gyroscope - Inzwa ye-Gyroscope kuma-3 axes (X, Y, Z)

I-Magnetometer - Inzwa Magnetic 3 izimbazo (X, Y, Z)

I-Accelerometer - Ukusheshisa / inzwa yokudlidliza ngezimbazo ezi-3 (X, Y, Z)

Umbala - Inzwa yombala (R, G, B, IR, G2)

I-Ambient + proximeter - Izinga lokukhanya elihlanganisiwe (10cm ububanzi) inzwa yokulinganisa

GSM Commfuthis - imiyalo yokuqalisa yemodemu eyengeziwe

Ikhodi yeHash - Ikhodi eyengeziwe yokubethela. Ungashintshi.

Ukudluliswa kwe-HTTP - Izinketho ezengeziwe zokuxhumana ze-HTTP

Ikheli Lomhlaba Wonke - Ikheli lomhlaba jikelele lesilawuli sokulawulwa kwedivayisi kuya kudivayisi.

GSM Imodi - GSM communication mode ( 2G Only, LTE Only, CATM1, NBIoT, 2G + CAT M1, LTE 800, LTE 1800 ). Ukusetha okungalungile kwemodi yokuxhumana kungaholela ekuvinjelweni unomphela kokuxhumana kwedivayisi.

3.2.2. General Configuration of @City LoRaWAN controllers

Most options are the same as in the GSM controller. In principle, all fields related to GSM communication are not used during LoRaWAN controller operation. LoRaWAN devices have different i-firmware which support LoRaWAN module instead GSM.

Use @City LoRaWAN uhlangothi lwedivayisi, ukumiswa kulula kakhulu:

Isicelo se-EUID - I-ID yohlelo lokusebenza for LoRaWAN server ( 16 characters in hex code ) - application defined on the LoRaWAN Network/Application Server to which we send data.

Ukhiye Wokufaka - application authorization key for LoRaWAN server ( as above )

Khubaza i-Adaptive Data Rate - Ikhubaza ukukhetha kwejubane okuguqukayo. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi uphoqe isivinini esihlala njalo sedivayisi. Kwezinye izimo, lokhu kungadala izinkinga ezinkulu zokuxhumana. Kumele kucatshangwe ukuthi njengoba imingcele ye-RSSI ne-SNR ithuthuka kwimodi eguqukayo, ijubane landa kakhulu. Lokhu kunciphisa kakhulu isikhathi sokudluliswa kwedatha ngomsakazo "Esikhathini Somoya" futhi imininingwane eminingi ingadluliselwa phakathi kwedivayisi neseva futhi okuphambene nalokho.

Isilinganiso sedatha (i-DR) - LoRaWAN link speed selection. Lesi sivinini asisebenzi ku-Bootloader. Uma kwenzeka isilawuli sisebenza kumodi yokusetha isivinini eguquguqukayo, kuphela inani lokuqala, ngoba isilawuli ngemuva kwemizamo eminingi yokudlulisa, sikhetha ngokuzimela ijubane elilungile ukukhawulela isikhathi sokudluliswa komyalezo emoyeni.

Buyekeza izilungiselelo - Igcina ukumiswa kokuqalisa kwesilawuli - wonke amasethingi



I- rest of the @City LoRaWAN configuration is located in the remaining elements of the LoRaWAN configuration screens in Chapter 4.

3.3. Ukucushwa Kokufaka Kwambambili




Okufakwayo kanambambili kunemisebenzi eminingi nemingcele evumela ukusebenza okuzimele kwesilawuli:

Guqula - negation okokufaka lapho izinzwa "kuvamise ukuxhumeka" (NC) zixhunyiwe.

I-alamu - Ukwenza kusebenze umsebenzi we-alamu.

Ukubambezeleka kwe-alamu - Isikhathi sokubambezeleka kwe-alamu. Uma isimo sokufaka sibuyela esimeni saso sokuqala ngaphambi kokuthi lesi sikhathi siphelelwe yisikhathi, i-alamu ngeke ivulwe.

Khumbula uMbuso - Isikhathi sokukhumbula ushintsho lombuso wokufaka.

Khubaza Ukwenza - Ukuvinjwa kwemicimbi ehlobene nokufakwayo.

Gijima - Qalisa umyalo wokumiswa kokufaka (i-Ad-Hoc)

Kopisha - Kopisha umyalo wokumiswa kokufaka ebhodini lokunameka

Umcimbi Uvuliwe - Incazelo yokuthi ungaqhuba kanjani umcimbi wezinga lokufaka eliphakeme (1)

Umcimbi oqondile uvuliwe - Ikhodi yomcimbi izosebenza lapho okokufaka kuvuliwe (0 => 1)

Umcimbi Valiwe - Incazelo yokuqalisa komcimbi ngezinga lokufaka eliphansi (0)

Umcimbi oqondile uvaliwe - Ikhodi yomcimbi ezosebenza lapho okokufaka kuvaliwe (1 => 0)

Umcimbi We-alamu - Incazelo yomcimbi we-Alarm.

Umcimbi oqondile we-alamu - Ikhodi yomcimbi ezobangelwa lapho i-alamu ivela

Buyekeza izilungiselelo - igcina ukumiswa kokuqalisa kwazo zonke izilungiselelo

3.4. Ukucushwa kwemiphumela kanambambili




Imiphumela kanambambili ekhaliphile ingasebenza njengeyodwa noma kabili. Ifomu likuvumela ukuthi udale ukumiswa kokuqalisa kwesilawuli (uma usiqinisekisa ngenkinobho yokuvuselela).

Ifomu lisebenza futhi njengomdali womcimbi wemiphumela engaqalwa ngokucindezela inkinobho ye-Run noma ikopishelwe kubhodi yokunameka ukuze isetshenziswe ekucushweni kwesilawuli, isb.



Ukucushwa kokukhishwa okukodwa:

Khubaza - Ukuvimba okukhishwayo ngemodi eyodwa (isb. uma isetshenziselwa ukulawula ukushayela ukuze kungalimazi ama-roller shutters, amasango, ama-actuator ngephutha)

Ukuphatha - Ifulegi lokuphatha liyadingeka lapho kushintshwa izilungiselelo ezibucayi

Izwe - Ukukhethwa kombuso (ukumiswa kokuqala noma ukwethula umcimbi nge "run" inkinobho)

Iphinda - Inani lokuphindaphinda (izinguquko zombuso ezijikelezayo)

Isikhathi - Isikhathi sokukhishwa kokuqalisa

Ukuphumula - Isikhathi sokucima okukhiphayo (kubalulekile lapho uphinda imicimbi)

Gijima - Qalisa umcimbi wokuphuma

Kopisha - Kopisha umcimbi ebhodini lokunamathisela

Buyekeza izilungiselelo - igcina ukumiswa kokuqalisa kwazo zonke izilungiselelo

Ukucushwa kokukhipha kabili:

Khubaza - Khipha imiphumela emibili kumodi embaxambili (isb. uma isetshenziswa njengokufaka okukodwa)

Ukuphatha - Ifulegi lokuphatha liyadingeka lapho kushintshwa izilungiselelo ezibucayi njengemodi yedrayivu

Somfy - Imodi yokushayela (ihlolwe => Somfy / isuswe ukumaka => I-Servo eqondile)

Izwe - Ukukhethwa kombuso (kokumiswa kokuqala noma ukudla kwasemini umcimbi nge "run" inkinobho)

Iphinda - Inani lokuphindaphinda (ukuguquka kwamazwe)

Isikhathi - Isikhathi sokuvula isimo esinikeziwe

Khubaza Isikhathi - Isikhathi sokuvimba ukuphuma (isikhathi esincane phakathi kwezinguquko zemiphumela) ukuvikela amadrayivu ekulimaleni.

Ukuphumula - Isikhathi sokucima okukhiphayo (kubalulekile lapho uphinda imicimbi)

Gijima - Qalisa umcimbi wedrayivu

Kopisha - Kopisha umcimbi ebhodini lokunamathisela

Buyekeza izilungiselelo - igcina ukumiswa kokuqalisa kwazo zonke izilungiselelo

3.5. Ukucushwa Kokufaka Kokulinganisa kwe-ADC nezinzwa ezingeziwe (XIN)




Guqula - isikali esiguquliwe (100% -x) sokufaka kwe-ADC

I-alamu L - Ukwenza inketho isebenze ukukhiqiza i-alamu lapho inani lehla ngaphansi kwemin. umkhawulo

I-alamu H - Ukwenza inketho isebenze ukwenza i-alamu lapho inani lidlula ubuningi. umkhawulo

Ukubambezeleka kwe-alamu - Isikhathi sokubambezeleka kwe-alamu. Uma isimo sokufaka sibuyela kufayela le- "KULUNGILE" Izinga ngaphambi kwesikhathi esidlulayo, i-alamu ngeke ivulwe.

Umcimbi Khubaza - Ukuvimba ukwenziwa komcimbi

Ukuphatha - ifulegi lomlawuli elinika amandla ukuguqulwa kokucushwa kokufaka kokulinganisa

Umcimbi OPHANSI - incazelo yomcimbi owenziwe lapho umkhawulo ophansi weqiwe

LOW Direct - ikhodi yomcimbi ezokwenziwa ngemuva kokwehlisa inani elingaphansi kombundu ophansi

Izinga eliphansi - Izinga lomkhawulo ophansi (iminithi)

Umcimbi Okulungile - Incazelo "KULUNGILE" umcimbi

Kulungile Ngqo - ikhodi yomcimbi ezokwenziwa ngemuva kokufaka i- "KULUNGILE" ububanzi

Umcimbi OPHAKEME - Incazelo yomcimbi womkhawulo ongaphezulu

OKUPHAKAMILE Ngqo - ikhodi yomcimbi ezokwenziwa ngemuva kokudlula inani eliphezulu lombundu

Izinga eliphakeme - Izinga lomkhawulo ophezulu (ubuningi)

Gijima - kuqhuba umcimbi wokumiswa (ukuguqulwa kokumiswa kwe-ADC Ad-Hoc)

Buyekeza izilungiselelo - igcina ukumiswa kokuqala kokufakwayo kwe-ADC

3.6. Ukucushwa kwe-Dimmers PWM / 0..10V




Guqula - Ukubuyiselwa emuva kwe-Dimmer polarity (100% - x)

Ukuphatha - Ifulegi lokuphatha elikuvumela ukuthi ushintshe izinketho ezibucayi

Khubaza - Ukuvimba okukhipha okufiphele

Kanye - Shintsha izilungiselelo ezifiphele kanye (bese uyeka ukufiphala)

Inani Min - Inani eliphansi lezilungiselelo ezifiphele

Inani - Inani elibhekiwe le-dimmer

Imodi - Imodi yokusetha ye-Dimmer (Stop / - / + / Set)

Isinyathelo - Isinyathelo sokushintsha inani le-dimmer level

Inani Max - inani eliphakeme lesethingi efiphele

Gijima - Isebenzisa umcimbi we-dimmer

Kopisha - Kopisha umcimbi ebhodini lokunamathisela



I-RGBW dimmer ithola amanani wokusetha kusuka kumbala ngamunye.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikuvumela ukuthi wenze kusebenze imodi eguqukayo yokushintsha umbala usebenzisa ukusethwa kabusha kwe-dimmers okukodwa.

Buyekeza izilungiselelo - igcina ukumiswa kokuqalisa kwazo zonke izilungiselelo





Izinkinobho:

Buyekeza izilungiselelo - saving the configuration in the @City uhlelo

Bonke abalawuli - uhlu lwabo bonke abalawuli

Amasethingi - izilungiselelo zesilawuli samanje

Shintsha Amagama - Shintsha igama lesilawuli samanje

Isihleli - umhleli wekhalenda lesheduli yesilawuli samanje

Bhala ukucushwa * - ukuthumela umyalo wokulanda ukucushwa yisilawuli

Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-Firmware * - ukuthumela umyalo wokulanda i-firmware ngesilawuli

Setha kabusha isilawuli * - ukuthumela umyalo wokusetha kabusha ukulanda ngomlawuli

Setha kabusha Isilawuli - Kopisha - Ikhophi lomcimbi wokusetha kabusha isilawuli ebhodini lokunameka

Phuma - ukuphuma komsebenzisi (ngezizathu zokuphepha, kufanele futhi uvale zonke izimo ezivulekile zesiphequluli sewebhu ezingagcina amapharamitha wokungena kunqolobane).

* - ukuthumela umyalo kusho ukungeza kulayini womcimbi. On connecting controller to the @City uhlelo, the controller downloads these umcimbis.

3.7. Ukulungiselelwa kwesihleli sekhalenda


Isihleli-sekhalenda sivumela ukuqalisa okuzimele kwemicimbi ephindaphindayo noma ehleliwe (imiyalo). Isibonelo kungaba ukuthi, ngokwesibonelo, ukuvula isibani somgwaqo ngehora le-17 ucishe ngehora lesi-7 (ebusika).

Del (Susa) - Isusa ngokuphelele into yeshejuli.

En. (Nika amandla) - Yenza kusebenze into yeshejuli (kuzosetshenziswa lezo zikhundla kuphela ezinokuvumela i-flag set)

Igama - Igama lomcimbi (ungachaza umcimbi ngendlela ebonakalayo)

Ikhodi Yomcimbi - ikhodi yomcimbi ngekhodi ye-hexadecimal (ikopishwe kusuka kubhodi yokunameka lapho kwenziwa imiyalo)

Izinkambu zenyanga (Ja, Fe, .., Cha, De) - izinyanga uJanuwari ... Disemba lapho umcimbi uzoqala khona

Usuku - Usuku. Ungakhetha noma yiluphi usuku lwenyanga noma "*" yanoma yikuphi (ukuqhuba umcimbi nsuku zonke).

Izinkambu zaphakathi nesonto (Mo, Tu, .. Su) - ungakhetha izinsuku zesonto lapho umcimbi uzokwenziwa khona.

Ihora - Ihora. Ungakhetha noma yiliphi ihora noma "*" yawo wonke umuntu (ukuqhuba umcimbi njalo ngehora).

Ubuncane - Iminithi. Ungakhetha noma yimuphi umzuzu noma "*" yawo wonke umuntu (ukuqhuba umcimbi njalo ngeminithi).



Kunengqondo "futhi" i-algorithm iyenziwa phakathi kwazo zonke izinkambu (ngaphandle kwe- Igama ), ngakho-ke kumele bahlangatshezwe bonke ukuze umcimbi uzokwenziwa.



Isb. Ukuvula amalambu emigwaqo Novemba, December, January, February ) e 17.01 ngaphandle NgeSonto.

En - kukhethiwe

Event code - 0000210101000000000000 // run kokukhipha kanambambili kokuqala

Izinkambu zezinyanga - kuphela Cha, De, Ja, Fe zimakiwe

Usuku - kukhethiwe "*" usuku ngalunye lwenyanga

Ihora - Isikhathi esikhethiwe ngu 17

Ubuncane - umzuzu okhethiwe 01

Izinkambu zaphakathi nesonto - konke kodwa Su kukhethiwe

4. LoRaWAN Network Infrastructure Configuration

This chapter only applies to LoRaWAN communication. Endabeni yezinhlelo ezisebenza zisebenzisa ezinye izindlela zokudlulisa, zingashiywa.

According to the LoRaWAN network specification, the controller connects to the @City cloud indirectly through:

4.1. LoRaWAN Gateway Configuration.

I-re are many LoRaWAN gateways on the market that can simultaneously contain a number of additional options:

4.1.1. Basic configuration of LoRaWAN gateway

Isango le-LoraWAN kufanele litholakale okungenani kusuka esiteshini esisodwa sokumisa.

Lapho ufaka nge-Ethernet / WiFi futhi ulungiselela kuphela kusuka ku-LAN / WLAN yendawo, ukuphepha kwesango akubaluleke kakhulu (ngaphandle kokuthi sinikeze ukufinyelela esangweni kusuka ngaphandle, i.e. i-Internet).

In the case the LoRaWAN gateway is connected only via I-GSM/LTE, it is necessary to secure the gateway against access futhi various types of attacks.

- If we want to be able to connect to the LoRaWAN gateway remotely, it must have a public + static IP address futhi SSH service available. Ngaphandle kwalokho, uzodinga ukuxhumana ngokomzimba esangweni nge-Ethernet noma i-interface ye-WiFi.

- kuyadingeka ukusetha amaphasiwedi okufinyelela anzima wabo bonke abasebenzisi kudivayisi.

- khubaza zonke izinsizakalo ezingasetshenziswanga njengeTelnet, FTP, POP, SMTP, IMAP, WWW njll. lokho kungaba yisisulu sokuhlaselwa "ukuhlala" isango elinezinye izinqubo ezifana nemizamo yokungena ngemvume.

- ungakhawulela ukuthi kungenzeka ungene ngemvume, kuphela eziteshini ezinamakheli akhethiwe we-static IP, okuyisivikelo esisebenza kahle ekugencweni. Lokhu kusebenza futhi kwizinsizakalo ezibonakala zingabalulekile njenge-ICMP (ping), i-HTTP, i-FTP, njll.

- ngemuva kokumiswa okuphelele namasonto amaningi wokuhlolwa kwesistimu, singavimba zonke izinsizakalo zangaphandle nokufinyelela okukude, okungathi, noma kunjalo, kuthikameze insizakalo, kuseshe futhi kubheke izingodo zesango.

4.1.2. Ukucushwa KwePemtech Forwarder (SPF)

I- SPF's task is to send LoRaWAN packets to the LoRaWAN network server through the IP network ( UDP protocol ) to the required address of the LoRaWAN network server.

LoRaWAN Gateway with SPF is transparent futhi passes all packets in both directions.

Ayicubunguli noma igunyaze amaphakheji wedatha kunoma iyiphi indlela.

Ukucushwa kwe-SPF kulula kakhulu futhi kufaka phakathi "eqondisa" it to the required LoRaWAN network server.

Log in via SSH to the LoRaWAN gateway using the username futhi password specified by the device manufacturer.

Install SPF according to the LoRaWAN gateway manufacturer's instructions.

Isiqondisi sokumiswa kwe-SPF ngu "/ umsebenzisi / spf / njll /" however, depending on the LoRaWAN gateway manufacturer, it may be located in other locations.

Ukucushwa okuyinhloko kwe-SPF kukufayela "/user/spf/etc/global_conf.json", okufanele ihlelwe ngesihleli esitholakalayo (isb. vi noma nano). Sishintsha inani lepharamitha: "ikheli leseva" ngokufaka ikheli le-IP elinqunyelwe leseva yenethiwekhi noma igama lesizinda (Lidinga insizakalo yeklayenti ye-DNS eyengeziwe elungiswe kahle).

Imbobo yokuxhumana yokubuya ezenzakalelayo ithi 1700 ( if you plan to change them, you must do the same on the LoRaWAN network server ) by entering identical values.

Izingodo zephakeji le-SPF zitholakala ku- "/ umsebenzisi / spf / var / izingodo /" umkhombandlela ku spf.log file namakhophi alo wokugcina umlando.

I- network configuration of the LoRaWAN gateway on linux OS is normally in the directory "/ njll /", lapho ungavumela khona / ukhubaze izinsizakalo zenethiwekhi ezijwayelekile futhi uvikele iseva.

Kufanele futhi ushintshe amaphasiwedi wabo bonke abasebenzisi abatholakala ohlelweni nge ukudlula umyalo wokuvikela ukufinyelela okungagunyaziwe kwabantu abangagunyaziwe. Kufanele futhi ushintshe iphasiwedi yomsebenzisi yokusekelwa okususelwa kuwebhu.

Kuhle futhi ukukhubaza ukuxhumana kwe-WiFi, ngoba abangena bangazama ukusebenzisa ukuhlaselwa ngale ndlela yokudlulisa.

Ngemuva kokuqeda lokhu kulungiselelwa, setha kabusha isango nge qala kabusha umyalo.



4.2. LoRaWAN Network/Application Server Configuration

Kunezixazululo eziningi zamaseva wenethiwekhi nohlelo lokusebenza (kufaka phakathi ezimahhala). Ngamunye wabo unendlela yakhe yokuhlanganiswa nezinsizakalo nezinhlelo zangaphandle (isb. amafu afana @City ). Ngalesi sizathu, i- @City uhlelo must have an interface for integration with the installed LoRaWAN NS/NJENGOBA server.

Endabeni yohlelo lokukhiqiza, singasebenzisa insiza yamahhala "Inethiwekhi Yezinto", inqobo nje uma siphakathi kwemikhawulo emikhulu yansuku zonke echazwe kudivayisi ngayinye {ikakhulukazi "Esikhathini Somoya" (30s **) kanye nenombolo encane yemiyalo ethunyelwe kudivayisi (10 **)}.

Imikhawulo yedivayisi yansuku zonke ekhombayo ingashintsha.

If you need to load new i-firmware futhi configuration, it is necessary to use your own LoRaWAN server ( network + application ).

Lokhu kusinikeza izinketho eziningana:

Kwezinye izinhlelo, ukumiswa kwe-firmware + kulungisiwe (kubo bonke abalawuli abakhona ohlelweni) futhi kwaqalwa esigabeni sokumiswa kohlelo lokuqala, okwenza kube lula ukukhetha.

(*) - in these cases it is necessary to have a second LoRaWAN gateway set on the second server for configuration futhi i-firmware update in order for the production environment to work continuously. For low-critical applications, you can change the configuration of one LoRaWAN gateway dedicated LoRaWAN server, which, however, will result in loss of communication with the production environment futhi incorrect operation of these devices.

It should be realized that the software update of a single LoRaWAN controller takes about an hour, with good ububanzi ( DR> = 4 ), so it is worth using an additional gateway to upgrade the i-firmware futhi configuration. Ekuhlanganisweni okuphansi (i-DR <4), ukumiswa kwe-firmware nokuvuselelwa akunakwenzeka futhi kudinga ukuxhumana kwe-Gateway nokuxhumana kwe-LTE eduze kwamadivayisi abuyekeziwe.

4.2.1. LoRaWAN Network Server Configuration

Use LoRaWAN network server, add the LoRaWAN communication gateway ( the address is located on its cover, or in the file "umsebenzisi / spf / njll / local_conf.json", noma kukhonjiswe kumalogi "/user/spf/var/log/spf.log". Bheka izingodo ze-web server ukuthi isango lokuxhumana lixhuma kwiseva.

Izinyathelo ezilandelayo ukucushwa kweseva yohlelo lokusebenza (imvamisa kutholakala kudivayisi efanayo neseva yenethiwekhi).

Izinyathelo ezilandelayo ezizokwenziwa, zincike kusisombululo sesiphakeli sohlelo lokusebenza esisetshenzisiwe, kanye nokutholakala kwesixhumi esibonakalayo se-Back-End / Front-End. I-interface yenza lula "izinyathelo zokuqala" nokucushwa kwesistimu.

Ngokuvamile, kufanele:

 







5. Work condition of @City GSM / LoRaWAN devices

Izinga lokushisa - 40C .. + 65C

Umswakama 0..80% r.H. akukho ukufingqa (idivayisi)

GSM Ukunikezwa kwamandla 5VDC @ 2A ±0.15 V (yenzwa ye-PPM nalapho uxhuma udlulisela)

3.5VDC..4.2VDC @ 2A (kwezinye izimo)


LoRaWAN power supply 5VDC @ 300mA ± 0.15 V (yenzwa ye-PPM nalapho uxhuma udlulisela)

3VDC..3.6VDC @ 300mA (kwezinye izimo)


Amadivayisi we-GSM + GPS:

I-Antenna yokufaka 50ohm

I-SIM nano-SIM noma i-MIM

(ukukhetha esigabeni sokukhiqiza - I-MIM ibeka opharetha wenethiwekhi)

Imodemu Ukuvunyelwa Okusawolintshi (2G-CATM1), T-Mobile / DT (2G-NBIoT), 2G Abanye opharetha


AMABHANDI (EYurophu) Ukuzwela Kwamandla Ekilasini

I-B3, B8, B20 (CATM1 - 800MHz) ** 3 + 23dB ±2 < -107.3dB

I-B3, B8, B20 (NB-IoT - 800MHz ) ** 3 +23dB ±2 < -113.5dB

I-GSM850, GSM900 (GPRS) * 4 + 33dB ±2 <-107dB

I-GSM850, GSM900 (EDGE) * E2 + 27dB ±2 <-107dB

I-DCS1800, i-PCS1900 (GPRS) * 4 + 30dB ±2 < -109.4dB

I-DCS1800, PCS1900 (EDGE) * E2 +26dB ±2 < -109.4dB

Uma usebenzisa imvamisa ye-antenna yebhendi yangaphandle ehambelana nebhendi elinikeziwe.


* kuphela imodemu ye-Combo: 2G, CATM1, NB-IoT

Izitifiketi:



I-GPS / GNSS:

imvamisa yokusebenza: 1559..1610MHz

I-antenna impedance 50ohm

ukuzwela okuphezulu * -160dB kumile, -149dB navigation, -145 ukuqala okubandayo

Ama-TTFF 1s (ashisayo), ama-21s (afudumele), ama-32s (abandayo)

I-A-GPS yebo

Amandla 2g

isilinganiso esincane sokuvuselela 1 Hz


* ifaniswe nge-antenna yangaphandle yomugqa omncane



LoRaWAN Devices 1.0.2 ( 8 channels, TX power: +14dBm ) Europe ( 863-870MHz )

UDkt T. ukushintshashintsha kwezwi Ukuhlolwa kwe-BR bit / s Rx Sensitivity Rx

0 3min SF12 / 125kHz 250 -136dB -144dB

1 2min SF11 / 125kHz 440 -133.5dB

2 1min SF10 / 125kHz 980 -131dB

3 50s SF9 / 125kHz 1760 -128.5dB

4 (*) Ama-50s SF8 / 125kHz 3125 -125.5dB

5 (*) Ama-50s SF7 / 125kHz 5470 -122.5dB

6 (*) Ama-50s SF7 / 250kHz 11000 -119dB

7 FSK 50kbs 50000 -130dB

(*) Amapharamitha adingekayo ukuthuthukisa i-firmware yohlelo nge-OTA

(DR) - Idatha Isilinganiso

(BR) - Isilinganiso seBit

T - I- minimum period of data update to the @City cloud




LoRaWAN practical coverage tests:


Izimo Zokuhlola:

LoRaWAN Kerlink ifemtocell Isango Langaphakathi

i-antenna yangaphandle ye-broadband ebekwe ngaphandle ngaphandle kokuphakama okungama- ~ 9m ngaphezu kwezinga lomhlabathi i-Wygoda gm. IKarczew (~ 110m ngaphezu kogu lolwandle).

LoRaWAN device with forced DR0 with an external broadbfuthi magnetic antenna placed 1.5m above the ground on the car roof.

Izindawo zasemakhaya (izimfunda, izinkambu ezinezihlahla ezincane nezakhiwo ezingavamile)


Umphumela okude kakhulu yiCzersk ~ 10.5km (~ 200m ngaphezu kogu lolwandle) nge-RSSI elingana no -136dB (i.e. with the maximum sensitivity of the LoRaWAN modem guaranteed by the manufacturer )