@Monitoring - ukuqapha amapharamitha wokusebenza, umonakalo kanye nokwehluleka kwedivayisi
Izinhlelo ze-IoE
Okuqukethwe
1. Isingeniso. 3
2. Amandla we- @Monitoring System 6
3. Izibonelo zokusetshenziswa (izinhlelo zesikhathi sangempela - online) 8
3.1. Ukuqapha amadivayisi nemishini (ikakhulukazi ngaphandle kokulungiswa) 8
3.2. Izinsika / izingongolo nezintambo zikagesi 8
3.3. Amapali / Izinti ze-Antenna, izimpondo, amabhanela, izikhangiso 9
4. @Monitoring Umsebenzi Wedivayisi 10
4.1. Ukuxhumana 11
5. Kunikelwe @City platform (ifu) 11
6. Ukubukwa okuku-inthanethi kumamephu 12
7. Ukubonwa kwemiphumela etafuleni 13
8. Amashadi wamabha. 14
9. Amashadi Ezinqolobane. 15
9.1. Ishadi Lebha: (ibonisa kuphela idatha ekhona) 15
9.2. Ishadi eliqhubekayo: (ngemininingwane efanayo yokufaka) 15
10. Izinsiza kusebenza 16
10.1. Izinketho ze-elektroniki 16
10.2. IMontage 16
10.3. Amakhava angu-16
11. Imininingwane engasebenziseka 16
12. Amapharamitha wokusebenza wedivayisi ye- @Monitoring 17
@Monitoringuhlelo oluhlanganisiwe (lwangempela) lokuxwayisa amadivayisi, izimoto nezinye izinsiza.
Izicelo ezingenzeka:
metering kwemingcele ehlukahlukene yomzimba
ukuphepha, ukuqapha, isexwayiso sokuqala, ama-alamu
Indawo ye-GPS
ukutholwa kokuhamba, ukugumbuqela, ukujika, ukudlidliza
isilinganiso sengcindezi (izinguquko ekuphakameni)
ikhampasi ye-elekthronikhi (ukuguquka kwesimo)
okungahambi kahle ngesikhathi somsebenzi nokuphumula
ukulimala okuncane
ukugqwala
theft, sabotage
ukuhlaziywa kwedatha (i-BIM - imodeli yolwazi)
"Ukulungiswa Kokubikezela" - ukubikezela nokutholwa kokuqala komonakalo
ukucisha okuzenzakalelayo / ukuvimba amadivayisi
ukuhlanganiswa kwamadivayisi, imishini
ukuguqulwa kwedijithali
Uhlelo @Monitoring luvumela, ukuqapha:
imishini, amadivayisi, ama-cranes
izingongolo ze-antenna
izibonda zamandla, izingongolo, izintambo zikagesi
ibhasi / ithilamu liyama
Izibani zomgwaqo (ezinomsebenzi wokulawula)
izinqolobane, amagumbi okugcina izimpahla ezidinga imibandela ethile yokugcina
imingcele yokugcina nokuthutha yezimpahla ezibalulekile
zonke izinhlobo zezimoto
amabhodi okukhangisa, izikhangiso
@Monitoring iyingxenye yeSmart City "@City" system futhi isebenza ngazo zonke izinhlelo zayo.
Izilinganiso zenziwa njalo ngemizuzwana eyi-10 kuya kumizuzu engu-15 ngokuya ngendlela yokuxhumana nebanga elisetshenzisiwe, kuvuselelwa idatha kufayela le- @City ifu.
Uhlelo lwe- @Monitoring luvumela ukuqapha okuzimele kwendawo ye-GPS yezinto nokuboniswa kumamephu ku- "@City Cloud" ingosi ye-inthanethi enikezelwe kumlingani ngamunye. Ukufinyelela kungosi kungaba ngasese (kukhawulelwe kubantu abagunyaziwe) noma emphakathini (kutholakala kakhulu) kuya ngohlelo.
Imininingwane elandelayo ye-GPS / GNSS iyatholakala:
ukuma kwendawo (i-longitude, i-latitude)
ukuphakama ngaphezu kogu lolwandle
isivinini samanje
indlela yokuhamba
inani lama-satellite atholakele (ukunemba kwesilinganiso)
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlelo lukuvumela ukuthi ulinganise imingcele yokuthuthwa noma yokugcina impahla ngenxa yezinzwa eziningi zezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene, isb. ithempelesha, umswakama, izikhukhula, ukudlidliza, ukushesha, i-gyroscope, uthuli, i-VOC, njll.
Ngezixazululo ezinkulu, kukhona ithuba leseva ezinikele noma i-VPS (i-Virtual Private Server) ye-portal / iwebhusayithi "@City Cloud" kumlingani oyedwa kuphela.
Uhlelo lwe- @Monitoring yisixazululo se-IoT / CIoT / IIoT esiqukethe amadivayisi we-elektroniki ahlakaniphile anikezelwe entweni / kudivayisi ngayinye ebukiwe. Amadivayisi angenza ukukalwa kwesimo se-GPS / GNNS kanye nokuxhumana ne- "@City Cloud".
I- @Monitoring amadivayisi angenza ngasikhathi sinye imisebenzi yokulinganisa, ukuqapha kanye ne-alamu ngokusebenzisa izinzwa noma imitshina ongayikhetha:
i-smog / uthuli / isilinganiso se-particulate (@AirQ) - Inzwa yezinhlayiyana ze-PPM 2.5 / 10um
izinga lokushisa, umswakama, ingcindezi, ikhwalithi yomoya ejwayelekile
isivunguvungu / umbani
Izinzwa ze-3 axis (X, Y, Z) (isb. anti-theft / tamper protection, njll. ):
ukusheshisa (ukudlidlizela),
kazibuthe (kazibuthe),
inclinometer (ukufuduka),
i-gyroscope (ukujikeleza)
ikhampasi ye-elekthronikhi
ukusondela (~ 10cm) nebanga elide (~ 4m) ububanzi
ukukhanyisa (ukuvezwa yimisebe yelanga, i-infrared)
umbala (R, G, B, IR)
umsindo
i-current, voltage, (isimo sebhethri, i-photovoltaics, ukusetshenziswa kukagesi, isivinini sokushaja ibhethri)
amandla (isib. thinta, noma ukuxhuma noma yiziphi izinzwa zokulinganisa ezinamandla)
ukumelana (isb. izikhukhula, umswakama)
Imininingwane ithunyelwa kuseva ye- @City uhlelo - efwini elincane, elinikezelwe kumlingani (inkampani, idolobha, ikomidi noma isifunda).
Uhlelo luvumela ukubona kwangempela kwesikhathi, ukuma kwe-geo nokubonisa kumephu, kanye ne- "ukwenziwa kolwazi" (BIM) nokuzisebenzisela ukwenza ukusabela okuthile. Kungenzeka futhi ukuthumela ngqo imilayezo ye-alamu njengomphumela we-anomaly noma weqe inani lesilinganiso samapharamitha abucayi (isb. shintsha esimweni semishini, amadivayisi, ukudlidliza, ukuthambeka, ukugumbuqela, izivunguvungu).
Kumadivayisi asakazeke kakhulu nenani ledatha edlulisiwe, uhlobo oluyinhloko lokuxhumana I-GSM + IGPS ukudluliswa. Ngenye indlela, ezimweni lapho ukuvuselelwa kwedatha kaningi kungadingeki futhi kudingwa ukumbozwa okukhulu, ukuxhumana kungenziwa kusetshenziswa LoRaWAN ubuchwepheshe besikhathi eside. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kudinga ukumbozwa kobubanzi beLoRaWAN ngezindlela zokuxhumana. Ezimweni ezinhle, kungenzeka ukuxhumana kuze kufike ku-10-15km.
Kumadivayisi asebenza ezitshalweni zezimboni noma ezinkampanini (ukuhlakazeka okuphansi), kungenzeka ukusebenzisa okuhlukile kohlelo olususelwa ku- I-WiFi ukuxhumana okungenantambo. Lokhu kunciphisa kakhulu izindleko futhi kwenza lula ingqalasizinda yenethiwekhi maqondana neLoRaWAN ne-GSM.
Abalawuli be- @Monitoring nabo bangahlonyelwa ngezindawo zokuxhumana ezinentambo zezimboni uma kudingeka ( I-RS-485 / RS-422, i-Ethernet ) ngokuthumela imininingwane ngendlela efanele yokuxhumana efwini le- @ City.
Lokhu kuvumela ukusebenza kwe-hybrid nanoma iyiphi inhlanganisela yezindawo zokuxhumana ezidingeka ohlelweni noma ekusebenziseni izindleko.
Ngaphezu kokucisha / ukuvimba okuzenzakalelayo kwamakhono, uhlelo lwenza ama-alamu uma kwenzeka kukhona okungahambi kahle, okuvumela ukuthi kuthathwe izinyathelo ezisheshayo mathupha ukunqanda ukulimala kwamadivayisi.
Izici eziyinhloko ze- @Monitoring uhlelo:
Kungenzeka umsebenzi weselula - ngenketho yokulandelela nokuma kwe-geo
Ukubakhona komsebenzi omile - ukuphepha (amadivayisi, imishini kanye nanoma yiziphi izinto)
Kungenzeka ukukala i-PPM 2.5 / 10um izinhlayiya
Ukukala sekukonke: ikhwalithi yomoya, ingcindezi, izinga lokushisa, umswakama, ukuminyana kwegesi okuyingozi, ukuduma kwezulu / isiphepho
Ithuba lokuthola ukulimala, okungahambi kahle, ukucekelwa phansi kwempahla kanye nokwazisa amaqembu angenele (isib. nge-SMS).
Amandla wokulawula kude noma wokuvala amadivayisi.
Ukuba khona kwezilinganiso kusuka kuma-10s kuya emahoreni amaningana - ngesikhathi sangempela esingu-24h / ngosuku.
Ukudluliswa okungenantambo kwe-GSM okuyisisekelo: 2G, 3G, LTE, i-SMS, i-USSD (yanoma yimuphi opharetha *), I-LTE-M1* (Iwolintshi), I-NB-IoT** (T-Mobile) - kudinga i-SIM khadi noma i-MIM ye-opharetha ekhethiwe nemali yokubhalisela ukudluliswa kwedatha noma ama-telemetry tariffs, i-M2M noma izinkontileka zesikhathi eside.
OkuhlukileLoraWAN ukudluliswa kwentambo - akudingeki imali ekhokhelwayo yokubhalisa Kudinga ukuhlinzeka ngenani elifanele lezindlela zeLoRaWAN (ezixhunywe kwi-inthanethi) ukumboza indawo. Ububanzi beLoRaWAN bukhulu kakhulu kunalobo buchwepheshe be-GSM, cishe amakhilomitha ayi-10-15km endaweni encane esedolobheni. I-LoRaWAN emabangeni amade, noma kunjalo, ihamba kancane kakhulu kunobuchwepheshe be-GSM futhi ayifanelekile kuzo zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza.
Ukuhanjiswa okungakhethwa ezikhungweni zezimboni, ezinqolobaneni ( I-WiFi, i-RS-485/422, CAN, RF, i-Ethernet )
Isilinganiso sesikhundla se-GPS sesikhathi sangempela (i-latitude, i-longitude, ukuphakama, isivinini, isiqondiso)
Ukuzibeka okungakhethwa kumamephu ngemiphumela yokulinganisa yamanje
Ukuzivikela nokuqapha amadivayisi wokulinganisa (ngokumelene nokweba nokonakala - i-alamu)
*, ** - kuya ngokutholakala kwensizakalo ye-opharetha endaweni yamanje (ehlanganisa yonke indawo). Kodwa-ke, amadivayisi angasebenza kumodi ye-hybrid (okwehlukahluka okuningi kokuxhumana kusistimu eyodwa).
izimo zokusebenza ezifanele (izinga lokushisa, ingcindezi, umswakama, umsindo)
Isilinganiso se-3-axis (X, Y, Z) nokuqapha ukusheshisa, ukujikeleza, ukufuduka, ukushaqeka, ukudlidliza, ukudlidliza, ukutsheka, ukuwa kwamahhala
ukuvala kude kwensimbi lapho amapharamitha avumelekile edlulwa ukuvikela ukubhujiswa okuphelele noma ukwehluleka okukhulu.
izilinganiso zokusetshenziswa kukagesi nokushaja ibhethri
ukuvikelwa kwamadivayisi kagesi ekuvuleni okungagunyaziwe (i-alamu ehlakaniphile ne "immobilizer" )
Inkinobho Ephuthumayo (Itwetwe)
ukudlidliza, ukulinganisa ukushesha (i-eksisi eyi-3 eksisi)
ukulinganisa kwezinguquko zokuchezuka (3 axis inclinometer)
isilinganiso se-torsion (3 axis gyroscope)
isilinganiso sokugqwala (inzwa yokumelana)
ukutholakala kwendlela / ukuzama ukukhuphuka esigxotsheni (i-proxymeter)
ukuma kwakho kumamephu (GPS / GNSS)
ukulinganisa izinga lokushisa, ingcindezi (ukuphakama), umswakama, umsindo, imvula, iziphepho, intuthu, ukungcoliswa komoya njll.
ukulinganiswa kobukhulu bemisebe kazibuthe (ngokulingana nokugeleza kwamanje ocingweni nasekuphambukeni kocingo)
ukuvuna amandla (photovoltaics kanye / noma amandla kazibuthe wezintambo ezinamandla amakhulu)
ukulinganiswa kwemisinga kwikhebula ngabaguquleli
ukuthola ukwehluleka kwamandla
ukudlidliza, ukulinganisa ukushesha (i-eksisi eyi-3 eksisi)
ukulinganisa kwezinguquko zokuchezuka (3 axis inclinometer)
isilinganiso sokushiswa / ukujikeleza (i-3 axis gyro)
ukuma (ukuma / ukuqondisa) i-engeli yokuthambekela / ukuphakama kwezimpondo (i-3 axis ikhampasi kagesi)
isilinganiso sokugqwala (inzwa yokumelana)
ukutholakala kwendlela / ukuzama ukukhuphuka esigxotsheni (i-proxymeter) kuze kufike ku-4m
ukuma kwakho kumamephu (GPS / GNSS)
ukulinganisa izinga lokushisa, ingcindezi (ukuphakama), umswakama, umsindo, imvula, iziphepho, intuthu, ukungcoliswa komoya njll.
ukuvuna amandla (ukuthola ugesi kusuka ensimini yelanga kanye / noma ye-antenna)
ukuvikela imishini ye-BTS
Idivayisi isebenza amahora angama-24 ngosuku, isilinganiso esincane nesikhathi sokudluliswa kwedatha cishe kungamasekhondi ayi-10. Lesi sikhathi sincike ebangeni eliphelele lazo zonke izilinganiso, kufaka phakathi isikhathi sokudlulisa. Isikhathi sokudlulisa sincike esikrinini sokudlulisa esisetshenzisiwe kanye nezinga lesiginali nezinga lokudlulisa endaweni enikeziwe.
Umshini ungalinganisa nezinhlayiya eziqinile (2.5 / 10um), ingcindezi, izinga lokushisa, umswakama, ikhwalithi yomoya ejwayelekile - izinga legesi eliyingozi (inketho B). Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi ubone ukungahambi kahle kwesimo sezulu (izinguquko ezisheshayo kuthempelesha, ingcindezi, umswakama), imililo kanye neminye imizamo yokuphazamisa idivayisi (ukubanda, izikhukhula, ukweba, njll. ). Ibuye ivumele izilinganiso zokuhamba noma imingcele yezimpahla ngokuhlaziya idatha kusuka ekusheshiseni, kuzibuthe, kuma-gyroscopes nakwezinye izinzwa.
Ngokudluliswa okuvamile kusuka kudivayisi kuye efwini (njalo ngemizuzwana eyishumi nambili), kubuye kube ukuvikela i-alamu yedivayisi uma kwenzeka:
izama ukuqaqa
incithakalo
ukucekela phansi
izinguquko zendawo
e.t.c.
Lokhu kuvumela ukungenelela okusheshayo kwamaphoyisa noma kwabasebenzi lapho kutholwa noma yikuphi ukungahambi kahle.
Idivayisi (esiteji sokukhiqiza) ingahlonywa ngezinto ezingeziwe ze:
ukulawula ukukhanya kwezibani ze-LED, ukucisha / ukucisha amadivayisi kagesi.
Isikhala sokuxhumana okude (ukuthumela / ukwamukela)
izinzwa zokulinganisa: zamanje, amandla kagesi, amandla, ukumelana, umbala, ileveli yokukhanyisa (ALS)
izinzwa eziseduze - proxymeter (ububanzi obucishe bube ngu-10cm), nobubanzi obumaphakathi (ububanzi obungaba ngu-4m)
Izinzwa ezi-3 ze-eksisi (X, Y, Z - zonke izinkomba): ukusheshisa / ukudlidliza (i-accelerometer), i-magnetometer (amandla kazibuthe), i-gyroscope (ukuthola i-angle yokujikeleza), i-inclinometer (inzwa yokuhamba)
inzwa yesiphepho / umbani (nebanga elifinyelela ku-40km)
Ukuxhuma kwe-Bluetooth (ukuxhumana isb. ngomakhalekhukhwini), i-NFC (RFID isb. ukugunyazwa kwabantu) ngamakhadi okusondela noma ngocingo.
Ukudluliswa kwedatha yokulinganisa kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa isikhombimsebenzisi esisodwa sokuxhumana *:
I-GSM (2G..4G, USSD, SMS, LTE-M1, NB-IoT) - kudinga imali ekhokhelwa ukubhalisa opharetha be-GSM nokutholakala okuphelele kwensiza ekhethiwe Ububanzi obukhulu ngamakhilomitha ambalwa ukusuka ku-GSM BTS endaweni evulekile.
LoRaWAN (868MHz / EU, 902..915MHz / abanye) - ukuxhumana kwebanga elide kumsakazo womphakathi (ngaphandle kokubeka i-GPS). Ngenxa yemvelo evulekile nekhululekile yebhendi yokuvama, kunengozi yokuphazamiseka nokuxakaniseka kwedivayisi ngamanye amadivayisi. @City LoRaWAN kudinga ukufakwa kwesango elilodwa le-LoRaWAN + le-inthanethi - ukuqinisekisa ukufakwa kwendawo yonke (isb. oshimula abade noma amasimisi e-GSM noma izimpondo zangaphandle ezakhiweni ezide). Ububanzi obufinyelela ku-10-15km ezindaweni eziphansi emadolobheni.
Ukuvikelwa kwemishini namadivayisi amile, kungenzeka ukusebenzisa indlela ye- I-WiFi abalawuli (ngaphandle kokubheka isikhundla se-GPS).
Ezinsizakalweni ezimile, kungenzeka futhi ukusebenzisa izindlela ezinentambo ezitholakala kufayela le- Uhlelo (RS-422/485, CAN, Ethernet)
* - kuya ngohlobo olukhethiwe lwe- @Monitoring driver and modem options
I- @City platform, back / front-end kuxoxwa ngakho kabanzi ku "eCity" idokhumenti.
Izikhundla ze-GPS geo-position zingaboniswa kumamephu kanye namanani wokulinganisa inzwa namanye amapharamitha, isb. isikhathi sokulinganisa (ngokwezifiso). Bahlala beqabuleka njalo.
Ungabuka idatha yamanje yawo wonke amadivayisi noma idatha yomlando yedivayisi eyodwa.
Imiphumela ingakhonjiswa kumatafula enziwe ngezifiso (ukusesha, ukuhlunga, ukukhawulela imiphumela). Amatafula futhi anemidwebo eyenziwe ngezifiso (Isihloko). Kungenzeka ukhombise itafula elinedatha yamanje yawo wonke amadivayisi we-@ City / @ Monitoring noma amatafula wokugcina umlando wedivayisi eyodwa. Endabeni yohlelo lwe- @Monitoring, lokhu kuvumela, ngokwesibonelo, ukuhlola ezinye izilinganiso, ukuthola amadivayisi angasebenzi / awonakele, njll.
Amagrafu ebha abonisiwe ahleliwe "kujwayelekile" amabha kuya kunani eliphakeme, kusukela kokuphakeme kakhulu ukuya phansi.
Ziwusizo ekubhekeni ngokushesha imiphumela eyeqisayo nokuthatha izinyathelo ngokushesha.
Ukuhambisa phezulu igundane phezu kwebha, kukhombisa imininingwane eyengeziwe mayelana nedivayisi (ezinye izilinganiso nedatha yendawo)
Kungenzeka kuboniswe amashadi omlando isikhathi esithile esinikeziwe sepharamitha ekhethiwe (isb. Okuqinile kwe-PM2.5, izinga lokushisa, umswakama, njll. ) kwanoma iyiphi idivayisi.
Ukuhambisa isikhombisi segundane kubonisa amanani wokulinganisa anemininingwane nosuku / isikhathi.
Amadivayisi angaba kokuhlukahluka okuningi kwehardware maqondana nezinketho zemishini kanye nezindlu (okunikeza inhlanganisela ethile). Ngekhwalithi yomoya yokukala @NomzamoMbatha, le divayisi kufanele ixhumane nomoya ogelezayo "kwangaphandle" , ebeka izidingo ezithile ekwakhiweni kwezindlu.
Ngakho-ke, ukuvalwa kungalawulwa ngakunye ngokuya ngezidingo.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-particulate sensor 2.5 / 10um
Ukusetshenziswa kwenzwa yemvelo (izinga lokushisa, umswakama, ingcindezi, ikhwalithi yomoya)
Ukusetshenziswa kwezinto zokulawula ukukhanyisa
Ukusetshenziswa kwanoma iyiphi inhlanganisela yezinzwa zohlelo lokusebenza olukhethiwe (esigabeni sokukhiqiza lonke uchungechunge)
Ukwahlukahluka kwamandla kagesi (230V, 230V + UPS, ibhethri, ukuvuna amandla - i-photovoltaics, amandla kazibuthe, njll. )
Amadivayisi amile nemishini
amadivayisi eselula (izimoto, imikhumbi, amaloli)
amacala amile enziwe ngensimbi / ukuvalwa kwamaselula - umbala okhethiwe, ukwakheka kwezithombe, ukuphrinta / izitika, indlela yokunamathisela
izindlu zepulasitiki eziguquliwe
zokuvala plastic abazinikele
icala lixhomeke kubukhulu bebhethri
Inzwa yokungcolisa umoya eyi-laser esetshenzisiwe ingalimala uma ukuminyana kothuli, itiyela kuphakeme kakhulu, futhi kuleli cala kuyakhishwa kwiwaranti yohlelo. Ingathengwa ngokwehlukana njengengxenye eseceleni.
Iwaranti ayifaki umonakalo owenziwe ngemishini odalwe ngqo umbani, izenzo zokucekela phansi impahla, ukucekelwa phansi kwensimbi (ukukhukhula, ukubanda, ukubhema, ukulimala kwemishini, njll. ).
Ezinye izinzwa zokulinganisa (ama-MEMs) nazo zinamanani abucayi okudlulela phambili azodala umonakalo kudivayisi / inzwa futhi futhi ayifakwanga kwiwaranti.
Isikhathi sokusebenza esivela kwibhethri langaphandle sincike ekutheni: amandla esignali ye-GSM, izinga lokushisa, usayizi webhethri, imvamisa nenombolo yezilinganiso nedatha ethunyelwe.
Imingcele kagesi nokusebenza iyabhalwa ku- "IoT-CIoT-devs-zu" ifayela.